Internal-combustion engine.



L. WYGODSKY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, 1910. RENEWED MAR. 14, 1912.-

Patenized Oct. 21, 1913 5 W02 w [To r wi iwwooao: Ma

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEON WYGODSKY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNQR. TO WYGODSKY ENGINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 21, 1913.

Application filed April 8, 1910, Serial No. 554,136. Renewed March 14, 1913. Serial No. 754,355.

igniting the charge of combustible mixture.

in internal combustion engines and is especially adapted for that type in which fuel is injected at the end of the compression stroke when the compression is not high enough to ignite the charge by itself, a suflicient am unt of heat being added by the present device to obtain automatic ignition of the change.

A. further object of my invention is to' protect the surfaces from the atmosphere as much as possible, and also to provide means whereby the degree of temperature of the ignition device may be varied Within certain limits.

A further object of this invention is to provide means whereby the heated tube will not lose its heat by conduction.

A further object is to construct the device in such a form that it may be used in combination and. as'a part of an oil spraying device, so that its heated surface may be located in. proper cooperative relation with said spraying device. I

A further object is to provide a separate article of manufacture of this character which may be kept on hand in the engine room and available of immediate use in case anything should happen to the duplicate device in'use, and also as a device which may be used on any gas engine in place of the usual spark plug, or to convert a gas engine into an oil engine;

Referring to the drawings which form a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a vertical section of an oilsprayer casing and igniter combined. Fig. 2 is an .end view of the same partly in cross section on lines a-b of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through an ignition tube which is designed to work with two spray nozzles in-.

tion illustrated in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is still another form being shown in plan section, and Fig. 10 is a side View of the same shown partly in section.

Referring by numerals to the drawings, 1 indicates the casing of the sprayer device, and 2 the sprayer located therein. In U. S. Patent No. 971,954 dated October 4, 1910. I have illustrated and described one suitable form of sprayer for use in this device. 2 designates the nozzle of the sprayer. In front of this casing, and connected thereto, is the ignition device 3, which'is a tubular body, the interior surface of which communlcates with the atmosphere through two separate channels indicated by 4, the lower one of which serves for the insertion of a burning torch 5, which is diagrammatically represented, the heat from said torch flowmg upward through said heating device and escaping through the upper channel or passage at to the atmosphere.

iVhen the lighted torch 5 is inserted in the bottom passage 4:, the flames from the torch will heat the inside of the hollow ignition tube, bringing its walls to a tem perature suflicient to ignite a charge of fuel in the combustion chamber of an engine. In this manner it is possible to heat from the outside a body inclosed in the combus tion chamber without the use of electricity spray stream, and therefore does not interfcre with the normal development of 'the spray stream and with the splitting up of 1 the oil, as a result of the spraying action, into drops of extreme minuteness. Here tofore most ignition devices of the hot tube variety have been located directly in the path of the oil-jet or oil-spray, and as a result of such location have prevented the normal developnient of the jet or spray stream. When such jet or spray stream-strikes perpendicularly,'or nearly so, against an obstruction,

- tremely detrimental. There is, moreover, a

tendency in such cases for the oil drops to recombine into much larger drops; so 111- terfer'ing with good combustion and rapid combustion. In the operation of an engine fitted with my ignition device arranged shown, and in which the ignition tube 3 embraces or envelops the flaring spraystream, only the'outerportion of the most' of the spray stream encounters the tube 3,.

and encounters it approximately tangentially, since the annulus 3 flares outwardly as shown. a result, there'is no tendency todeposit liquid in material quantity on the ignition body 3, but to the contrary, dropsof liquid which may touch,'the surface of'that ignition body are swept therealong and therefrom, by the velocity of the stream, before there is opportunity for the deposit of carbon from such particles on the ignition body. The normal develop ment of the spray-stream is not interfered with, the particles of oil are not caused to,

recombine into larger drops, and therefore rapid and complete combustion is favored.

To facilitate the heating of the igniter, the same is insulated from the water cooled parts of the casing by gaskets 6 which are of a refractory and non-conducting material, such for illustration as asbestos. This ignition device may replace the vaporizors of oil engines as the fuel injected inside the combustion chamber will ignite at once on coming in contact therewith, without preliminary vaporization. Of course this suggests an oil engine giving a so-called constant pressure diagram 2'. e. combustion in the cylinder without an appreciable rise of pressure. Now it is easily understood that an engine supplied with such a device is capable of self-starting by spraying in fuel past this heated ignition device in a charge of pure air in the combustion space of the engine, it being understood of course that the crank of the engine has been placed above the dead center of the working stroke in the so called starting position.

After the engine is started, the heat of combustion is quite suflici'ent to keep the igniter at an ignition temperature without the burning torch. If it is required to vary the temperature of the igniter, one or both channels 4 may be kept open to their full area and then a convection current of air will pass through the igniter keeping it cool, or by. partly closing the channels 4,

nf/acre from a water chamber indicated by 8 which are used for the'purpose of keeping the casing as cool as possible, so that the oil passing through the sprayer parts will not become too hot. 4

In Fig. 2, a channel 9 is'indicated and is used for carrying the fuel supply from the exterior of the casing to the sprayer 2.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the heater or ignition portion of the device indicated by 3 isshown as a circular tube provided with a base plate 11 to cover the insulating material 6, and serving at the same time as a means for fixing theheater 3 to the sprayer casing by means of screws or studs passing through special holes 10 in the casing. By reason of the fact that the channels 4 for the introduction of burner-band for the escape of the products of combustion of the heating flame, extend from the rear of the casing 1 of the spraying device, to the ignition device 3, the application of this spraying and ignitiondevice to an engine cylinder and its removal therefrom, is rendered a very simple matter;

no ports in the walls of the engine cylinder other than the one port or opening into which the casing l fits,being required.

The remaining figures of the drawings show different forms otthe ignition device designed to suit special conditions where tW sprayers are used together. 2 indicates the sprayer, 3 the tube of the igniter chamber of a circular construction as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or elliptical as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, or double circles I as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, or S-shaped as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, or U-shaped as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, but, whatever the form may be, they are all provided with two passages indicated by 4:, one of which the heat is introduced into and,

. 1- combustion may escape through the correl through theother of which the products of spondlng passages 4 in the casing, and each is provided with sole plates or flanges 11 which register with the corresponding passage in the sprayer casing. In these flanges are also holes 10 for the fixing screws 'or studs.

lit is of course understood that I .may

niter portion to suit the number of sprayer nozzles used according to the requirements lVhat I claim as new and desire to by Letters Patent is:

secure and a nozzle, atubularigniting.bodybon:

. nected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending longitudinally there;

.change the form of the casing and the i F l. A new article of manufacture coinpris v mg a casing having an o l spraying device through and-parallel with each other, each;

nected to one end thereo'flsaid casing having two passages extending longitudinal lyt-herethrough and parallel with each other, each of which is in open communication at one end with the interior of said tdbu'lar igniting body, and forming a single conduit the ends of which are located at the same end of the casing, and means for heating said igniting body. v

3. A new article oat manufacture comprising a casing having an oil spraying dewice provided with a nozzle, adapted to be inserted into an opening formed in the vcylinder of an internal combustion engine, and a tubular ignition device connected to the inner end of said casing, the body of whidh is located out of =alinement with the anis of said nozzle; and means for heating the interior surface of said ignitiondevice.

4. A new article of manufacture comprising a casing having an oil spraying device provided with a nozzle, adapted to he inserted into an opening formed in the cylinder 0E an internal combustion engine, atubular ignition device connected to the inner end of said casing, and extendingaround-said nozzle at a short distance therefromfand means for heating the interior surfaceo'f said igni-. tion device.

5. A new artic'leof manu facture comprising a casing and a tubular igniting *bod-y connected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending longitudinally therethrough and parallel with each other, each of'which is in open communica- Y tion atone end with the interior of said tubular igniting body, and forming asingle conduit the ends of which are located at the same end of the casing, and valve controlling means for said conduit. I

6. A new articleof manufacture comprising a casing adapted to be connected to an engine cylinder having .two separate :passages therein, a tubular igniter device having two openings therein arranged in open communication with said passages, said casing having a spray nozzledocated ad acent to said tubular igniter device and In cooperative relation therewith, the body. of

which is located out of alinement with the axis of said nozzle.

7. A new article of manufacture comprising a casing adapted to be connectedito-an engine cylinder having two separate passages therein, atubular igniter dev'icehaving two openings therein arranged in open communication with said passages, said casing having a-spray nozzle located adjacent to said tubular igniter device and in 006pera-tive relation therewith. the body of which is out of alinement with the axis thereof, a heat insulating material located between said casing and said igniting :device.

*8. Anew article of manufacture comprising a casing adapted to be connected to an engine cylinder constructed to lit in the head of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, a tubular igniting device connected to said casing and constructed to be supported within said combustion chamber, said casing having a nozzle "located in cooperative relation with said igniting device, the axis of which is out of alinement with the body of said igniting device, for the purpose set forth.

'9. In combination, 'a separate article of manufacture comprising a casing adapted to be connected to ,an engine cylinder, a tubular ignition device located at one end of said casing and carried thereby, and the body of which is arranged concentric with la-r ignition :device ilocated at one end of said casing and carried thereby and'fihe ebody of which is arranged concentric with the axis thereof substantially as shown and removalilzy secured thereto, means for heating the interior surface of said tubular device for the purpose set-forth, and a heat insulating means located between said casing and said tubular element.

11. A new article of manufacture comprising a casing and a tubular igniting body connected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending longitudinailly therethrough and parallel with each other, each of which is in open communication at one end with the interior of said tubular igniting-body, and forming a single conduit :the :endsof which are located at the ture put of alinem'ent with said tubular igniti'hg'body. p

12. An ignition device-comprising a tubulargbody having a 'fla-nged portion serving as a base plate connected therewith and having two openings which communicate with the interior at said tubular *body and means for hea'ting'the iinterior of said tube. 1

13; A 'new article of manu'facturelcomprising a casingjhaving a central bore and a spray nozzle located at one end thereof, a spraying device located in said bore, a tubular igniting bod y connected to one end, of said casing and located at one side of said nozzle and out of line of the axis of said spraying device, but located adjacent thereto, said casing having two passages extending therethrough and in open communication with the interior of said tubular igniting body, means for heating the interior of said tubular igniting body, and

means for controlling the area of one of saidpassages in said casing. I

14:. A new article of manufacture comprls'ing a casing haying a central bore and a spray nozzle located at one end thereof, a

spraying device located in said bore, a circular tubular igniting body connected to one end of said casing and located at one side of Said nozzle and concentric therewith adjacent thereto, said casing having two passages extending therethrough and in open communication with the interior of said circular tubular igniting body, means for heating the interior of said circular tubular igniting body, and means for cohtroiling the area of one of said passages in said caring.

15. A new article of manufacture com= prising a casing adapted to be connected to an engine cylinder, and a tubular igniting body connected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending therethrough and connected with each other through said tubular igniting body and forming a single conduit, and a spray nozzle located adjacent to said igniting body and carried by said casing at one end thereof.

16. A new article of manufacture comprising a casing adapted to be connected to an engine cylinder, and a tubular igniting body connected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending therethrough and connectedwith each other through said tubular igniting body and forming a sing'leconduit, and a spray nozzle located adjacent to said igniting body and carried by said casing at one end thereof, and means extending into one of said passages for heating said tubular body. 17 A new} article of manufacture comprising a casing and a tubular igniting body connected to one end thereof, said casing having two passages extending therethrough, each of which is in open communication at one end with the interior of said tubular igniting body, and forming therewith a single conduit the ends of which are located at the same end of the casing, and

a spray device located-between said passages in the casing andhaying the axis of its discharge aperture out of alinement with said tubular igniting body.

18 A new article of manufacture comprising a casing having an oil spraying de vice and a nozzle, a tubular igniting body connected to the one end of said casing, said casing having two passages .extendingthere through, each of which is inopen communication at one end with the interior of said tubular ignition body and forming with the passage therein a single conduit, said tubular body being located so as not tobe intersected by the axial line of said casing and nozzle.

19. A new article of manufacture comprising a casing having an oil spraying device located and'extending through the center thereof and provided with a nozzle at the inner end thereof, an igniting body connected to said casing at the inner end and having a passage therethrough and located adjacent to said nozzle, the axis of said passagethrough said igniting body being arranged out of alinemen-t with the axis through said nozzle, said casing having two passages extending therethrough, the inner ends of which are in open communication with/the passage through said ignition body, thereby forming; a single, continuous conduit, the ends of which are located at thesame end of the casing.

20. The combination Wlllh a spray nozzle, of means for igniting the spray emit-ted by said nozzle comprising a heatin body in proximity to the outer portion 0 thepath of the spray-stream emitted by said nozzle,

and out of thepath of the major port-ion of said stream and flaring outwardly in the direction of. emission of the spray-stream from its point of closest proximity to that spray-stream,,and arranged to be heated by a source of heat other than the combustion of the fuel in such spray-stream.

21. The combination with a spray nozzle, of means for igniting the spray emitted by said nozzle 'comprislng a hollow heatingvice adapted for connection to an engine cylinder and provided with a spray nozzle, of means for igniting the spray-stream emitted by said nozzle comprising a body surrounding and spaced well away from the orifice of said nozzle and located out ofthe path of the major portion of said spray-stream, and flaring outwardly, in the direction of emission of theispray-stream, from its point of closest proximity to said spray stream, and

other than the arranged to be heated by a source of heat combustion of the fuel in such spray-stream.

23. The combination with a spraying do vice adapted for connection to an engine cy1-, inder and provided with a spray nozzle, of

7 means for ignitingthe spray stream emitted by said nozzle comprising a hollow annular body surrounding and "spaced well away from the orifice of said nozzle and located out of the path of the major portion of said spray stream, and flaring'outwardly, in the direction 0t emission of the spray stream, from its point of closest proximity to said Vice adapted for connection to an engine cylinder and provided with a spray nozzle, of

spray-stream,

sages, corresponding 'ing orelosing meansfor igniting the spray. stream emitted by said nozzle comprising a hollow annular body surrounding and spaced well awayfrom the orifice of said nozzle-andjlooated out of the path of the major portion of said spray-stream, andflaring outwardly, in the direction of emission of the spray-stream;

from its point of closest proximity said and :provided with ports'for the introduction of a heating flame into-the interior passage of said annul and for: the escape of said flame, said spraying device'having pas-- to the saidports of the the products ofcombustion of annulus, and extending from-the rearof said spraying device 7 into communication with the said ports, and valve means for restrict sixth day of April A. 1910.15 E WYG DSK Y-f .Witnesses: y

FRANK M. ASHLEIQ'I MINNIE S. 'Minnnmg;

at willone'ofsaid' passagesl- Signed at New York city,-in-'the county- 'of New York and State offNew York this 1 

